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Overview Geoplastics

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Features, applications & raw materials

Features, applications & raw materials

Membranes (non-wovens)

Features
  • a mat with fibres/threads which are bound together mechanically, thermally or chemically
  • very thin to very thick

    Applications
  • separation
  • filtering
  • protection, with sufficient thickness
  • drainage, with sufficient thickness
  • pressure distribution

    Raw materials
  • PP, PET, PE
  • natural

    Fabrics (wovens)

    Features
  • interweaving of threads/strips/yarns
  • opening size may vary greatly

    Applications
  • separation
  • filtering
  • stabilisation/reinforcement

    Raw materials
  • PP, PET, PE, PA
  • natural

    Geogrids

    Features
  • there are Geogrids made as a whole by means of extrusion, punching holes and elongations: the connection points are made of the original material and do not deform
  • there are Geogrids that are made of separate warp and weft (threads/strips/yarns) which are joined integrally where they cross
  • large openings
  • usually with relatively high strength with little elongation but there are exceptions
  • uniaxial: forces absorbed in one direction
  • biaxial: forces absorbed in two directions

    Applications
  • separation
  • stabilisation/reinforcement with low to very low elongation

    Raw materials
  • PP, PE, PET, PVA, Aramide Overview of geoplastics, Features, application & raw materials
     
     
     

    Structural mats

    Features
  • three-dimensional structure which can be divided into crisscross, rib and grid structures
  • the mat is thick

    Applications
  • anti-erosion mat as an artificial root system
  • drainage core

    Raw materials
  • PA, PE, PP
  • natural

    Drainage mats/strips

    Features
  • a drainage core covered with non-wovens
  • the drainage core may be a structural mat or geogrid

    Applications
  • 'flat' drainage
  • drainage strips

    Geomembranes

    Feature
  • thin waterproof layer

    examples:
  • membranes
  • bentonite mats
  • bituminous membranes

    Applications
  • waterproof seal

    Raw materials
    membranes:
  • PE (from HD to LD), PVC, PP

    bentonite mats:
  • bentonite + membranes and/or fabrics

    bituminous membranes:
  • bitumen + membranes and/or fabrics

    Bentonite mats and bituminous membranes are composites consisting of natural material and a plastic.

    Geocomposites

    Feature
  • is a combination of more than one geoplastic or geoplastics combined with natural materials

    Examples:
  • bentonite mat
  • drainage mat
  • geogrid with membranes or fabrics
  • combination of membranes and fabrics
     
     
     

    Geocomposites

    Feature
  • is a combination of more than one geoplastic or geoplastics combined with natural materials

    Examples:
  • bentonite mat
  • drainage mat
  • geogrid with non-wovens or wovens
  • combination of non-wovens and wovens

    Explanation

    General
    The overview shows the most common product groups, features, applications and raw materials and is certainly not exhaustive.

    Non/woven geotextiles
    Are sometimes called non-wovens in contrast to wovens.
    In practice, non-woven geotextiles always provide soil-proof separation.

    Woven geotextiles
    The separation and filtering capacity depends on the opening size of the fabrics, the grain size of the soil it is laid on and the water flow.
    The strength may be very different longitudinally from laterally.
    The breakage strength may be very high; the elongation may be small but can also be very large because it is dependent on the plastic used and/or the production method. This must be taken into account in stabilisation/reinforcement.

    Geogrids
    Geogrids generally have mesh sizes from one to a few centimetres.
    With small elongation they can absorb large forces. They are ideal for reinforcing soil, foundation materials, asphalt etc.

    Structural mats
    As an anti-erosion mat, the structural mat takes on the function of the plant root system on a temporary or permanent basis. The structural mat can be filled with soil and/or gravel or asphalt depending on the application: wind or water erosion.
    Anti-erosion mats may be made of plastic or natural materials, depending on the required service life.
    When use as the core for drainage mats, the structural mat must be made of plastic.

    Drainage mats/strips
    The drainage mats can be used horizontally, vertically and at any angle in between and is available in widths from 1m to 5 to 6m.
    The drainage strips are narrow and are usually applied vertically in the ground for faster consolidation.

    Geomembranes
    These are thin waterproof layers. Therefore membranes are also covered by this term.

    Geocomposites
    These products are always combinations of geoplastics and/or other materials including natural materials.
    New types of geocomposites may be developed at any time depending on market requirements.

    Raw materials
    The abbreviations stand for:
    PP - polypropene
    PE - polythene
  • HDPE - high density polythene
  • LDPE - low density polythene PET - polyester
    PVC - polyvinylchloride
    PA - polyamide
    PVA - polyvinylalcohol

    Examples of natural raw materials include:
  • coir
  • jute
  • flax
  • wool
  • glass (fibre)
  • bentonite
  • bitumen

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